Showing posts with label UPSC. Show all posts
Showing posts with label UPSC. Show all posts

Urdu Compulsory 2010 UPSC

Urdu Compulsory 2010 UPSC


URDU_COMP 2011 UPSC

URDU_COMP 2011 UPSC

Urdu Compulsory 2012 UPSC

Urdu Compulsory 2012 UPSC


Agnes Smedley

Agnes Smedley


American feminist Agnes Smedley played a key role in assisting Indian freedom fighters in the U.S. and in Europe in the beginning of the th century. An unbashed feminist, fearless journalist and writer as well as relentless activists for the causes she believed in, Smedley inspired socially concerned writers like Alice Walker, because she wrote about povetry without romanticizing it. The span of her activism covered the three continents - America , Europe, and Asia. During World war I , Smedley grew close with Lala Lajpat Rai, M.N.Roy and Sailendranath Ghose and agreed to serve as communication centre for Indian revoloutionaries then in US. In 1929, she finished her autobiographical novel Daughter of Earth.

Item Response Theory(IRT)

Item Response Theory(IRT)


Item Response Theory(IRT) attempts to model students ability using question level performance instead of aggregate test level performance. Instead of assuming all questions contribute equally to our understanding of a students abilities, IRT provides a more nuanced view on the information each question provides about a student. The Human Resource Development ministry and NCERT carried out a survey using the IRT to test the learning curve of class III, V and VIII.

5/20 Rule

5/20 Rule

 5/20 is an anti-competition policy. According to 5/20 rule indian carriers wanting to fly on international routes need to have a fleet of at least 20 aircrafts and must have operated for at least five years. This rule works against the interest of Indian carriers. Presently, a one-day old airline registered abroad with a one-aircraft fleet can fly into india, no holds barred. Hence, the aviation ministry is pushing for it to scrap the rule. Under the proposed new rule, an Indian carrier - including a startup - would only require the Directorate General of Civil Aviation's (DGCA) nod to fly abroad.

Geography 2006 UPSC

Geography 2006 UPSC


Geography 2007 UPSC

Geography 2007 UPSC

Geography 2008 UPSC

Geography 2008 UPSC


Geography 2005 UPSC

Geography 2005 UPSC

Geography 2004 UPSC

Geography 2004 UPSC


Geography 2002 UPSC

Geography 2002 UPSC


Geography 2003 UPSC

Geography 2003 UPSC


GEOGRAPHY Paper UPSC 2013

GEOGRAPHY Paper UPSC 2013


Geography Question Paper

Geography Question Paper


UPSC Exams Geography Notes

UPSC Exams Geography Notes


MAJOR RIVERS(By Length)

MAJOR RIVERS(By Length)


  • Nile, Africa - 6,825km

  • Amazon, South America -6,437 km

  • Chang Jiang(Yangtze), Asia - 6380 km

  • Mississippi, North America - 5,971 km

  • Yenisey-Angara, Asia - 5,536 km

  • Huang (Yellow), Asia - 5,464 km

  • Ob-Irtysh, Asia - 5,410 km

  • Amur, Asia - 4,416 km

  • Lena, Asia - 4,400 km

  • Congo, Africa - 4,370 km

MAJOR ISLANDS(By sizes)

MAJOR ISLANDS(By sizes)


  • Australia: 7,617.930 sq. km;  widely considered part of a continental landmass, not officially an island. but without doubt it is the largest island on the planet, and when combined with oceania, the smallest continent on the earth.

  • Greenland: 2,175,500 sq.km

  • New Guinea : 792,500 sq.km

  • Borneo : 725,500 sq km

  • Madagaskar : 587,000 sq km

  • Baffin : 507,500 sq km

  • Sumatra : 427,300 sq km

  • Honshu : 227,400 sq km

  • Great Britain : 218,100 sq km

  • Victoria : 217,300 sq km

Major Seas(By size)

Major Seas(By size)


  • South China Sea-2,974,600 sq km

  • Caribbean sea-2,515,900 sq km

  • Mediterranean Sea-2,510,000 sq km

  • Bering Sea-2,261,100 sq km

  • Gulf of Mexico-1,507,600 sq km

  • Arabian Sea-1,498,320 sq km

  • Sea of Okhotsk-1,392,100 sq km

  • Sea of Japan(East Sea)-1,012,900 sq km

  • Hudson Bay-730,100 sq km

  • East China Sea-664,600 sq km

Dry cask storage

Dry cask storage

Dry cask storage is a method of storing high-level radioactive waste, such as spent nuclear fuel that has already been cooled in thespent fuel pool for at least one year and often as much as ten years. Casks are typically steel cylinders that are either welded orbolted closed. The fuel rods inside are surrounded by inert gas. Ideally, the steel cylinder provides leak-tight containment of the spent fuel. Each cylinder is surrounded by additional steel, concrete, or other material to provide radiation shielding to workers and members of the public.