Timeline of Mughal in India
Timeline of Mughal in India
Date
|
Event Happened
|
April 21, 1526
|
First Battle of Panipat, Babur defeats Ibrahim Lodhi, Sultan of
Delhi, and founds Mughal Empire
|
March 17, 1527
|
Battle of Khanwa, Babur conquers combined army of the Rajput princes
and takes control of much of northern India
|
Dec. 26, 1530
|
Babur dies, is succeeded by son Humayan
|
July 11, 1543
|
Pashtun leader Sher Shah Suri defeats Humayan, drives him into exile
inAfghanistan
|
1554
|
Humayan travels to Persia, hosted by Safavidemperor
|
July 23, 1555
|
Discord among Sher Shah Suri's successors allows Humayun to retake
control of northern India, be restored to Mughal throne
|
Jan. 17, 1556
|
Humayan falls down stairs and
dies, succeeded by 13-year-old son Akbar, later Akbar the Great
|
Nov. 5, 1556
|
Second Battle of Panipat, child Emperor Akbar's army defeats Hemu's
Hindu forces
|
1560s - 1570s
|
Akbar consolidates Mughal rule over much of northern and central
India, as well as what is now Pakistan and Bangladesh
|
Oct. 27, 1605
|
Akbar the Great dies, succeeded by his son Jahangir
|
1613
|
The British East India Company defeats Portuguese at Surat, Gujarat
State and establishes first warehouse in India
|
1615
|
Britain sends first
ambassador, Sir Thomas Roe, to Mughal court
|
1620s
|
Mughal art reaches high point under Jahangir's rule
|
1627
|
Emperor Jahangir dies, succeeded by son Shah Jahan
|
1632
|
Shah Jahan orders destruction of newly-built Hindu temples, breaking
with Mughal record of religious tolerance
|
1632
|
Shah Jahan designs and begins building Taj Mahal as tomb for his
favorite wife, Mumtaz Mahal
|
1644
|
British East India Company builds Fort St. George in Madras (now
Chennai), southeast coastal India
|
1658
|
Aurangzeb imprisons his father, Shah Jahan, for the rest of his life
in the Red Fort at Agra
|
1660s-1690s
|
Aurangzeb expands Mughal rule to more than 3.2 million square km,
including Assam, the Deccan plateau, and parts of southern India
|
1671
|
Aurangzeb orders construction of the Badshahi Mosque at Lahore, now
in Pakistan
|
1696
|
Establishment of British East India Company's Fort William on Ganges
delta, fort and trading factory which becomes Calcutta (Kolkata)
|
March 3, 1707
|
Death of Aurangzeb marks end of Mughal Golden Era, beginning of slow
decline; he is succeeded by son Bahadur Shah I
|
Feb. 27, 1712
|
Bahadur Shah I dies, succeeded by incompetent son Jahandar Shah
|
Feb. 11, 1713
|
Jahandar Shah is executed by agents of nephew Farrukhsiyar, who takes
Mughal throne
|
1713 - 1719
|
Weak-willed Emperor Farrukhsiyar falls under control of Syed
brothers, two generals and king-makers who had helped depose Jahandar Shah
|
Feb. 28, 1719
|
Syed brothers have Emperor Farrukhsiyar blinded and strangled; his
cousin Rafi ud-Darjat becomes new Mughal emperor
|
June 13, 1719
|
19-year-old Emperor Rafi ud-Darjat is murdered at Agra after just
three months on throne; Syeds appoint brother Rafi ud-Daulah to succeed him
|
Sept. 19, 1719
|
Syeds kill 23-year-old Emperor Rafi ud-Daulah after three months on
throne
|
Sept. 27, 1719
|
Syed brothers place 17-year-old Muhammad Shah on Mughal throne, rule
in his name until 1720
|
Oct. 9, 1720
|
Emperor Muhammad Shah orders Syed Hussain Ali Khan killed at Fatehpur
Sikri
|
Oct. 12, 1722
|
Emperor Muhammad Shah has Syed Hassan Ali Khan Barha poisoned to
death, takes power in his own right
|
1728 - 1763
|
Mughal-Maratha Wars; Marathas seize Gujarat and Malwa, raid Delhi
|
Feb. 13, 1739
|
Nader Shah of Persia invades India, wins Battle of Karnal, loots
Delhi, steals Mughal Peacock Throne
|
March 11, 1748
|
Battle of Manipur, Mughal Army defeats Durrani invasion force from
Afghanistan
|
Apr. 26, 1748
|
Emperor Muhammad Shah dies, succeeded by 22-year-old son Ahmad Shah
Bahadur
|
May, 1754
|
Battle of Sikandarabad, Marathas defeat Mughal Imperial Army, kill
15,000 Mughal troops
|
June 2, 1754
|
Emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur deposed and blinded by Vizier
Imad-ul-Mulk; former emperor spends rest of life in prison, dying in 1775
|
June 3, 1754
|
Imad-ul-Mulk appoints Alamgir II, the 55-year-old second son of
Jahandar Shah, as the new Mughal Emperor
|
1756
|
British make lurid charges about imprisonment and death of 123 British
and Anglo-Indian troops by Bengali captors in Black Hole of Calcutta; story
likely fabricated
|
Nov. 29, 1759
|
Imad-ul-Mulk and Maratha ruler Sadshivrao Bhau conspire to murder
Alamgir II, place Aurangzeb's grandson Shah Jahan III on Mughal throne
|
Oct. 10, 1760
|
Shah Jahan III deposed after less than a year, but survives until
1772; succeeded by Alamgir II's son, Shah Alam II
|
Oct. 1760 - 1806
|
Emperor Shah Alam II, in alliance with Durranis, works to restore
glory of Mughal Empire
|
Oct. 23, 1764
|
Battle of Buxar, British East India Company defeats combined army of
Emperor Shah Alam II and the nawabs of Awadh and Bengal
|
Nov. 19, 1806
|
Emperor Shah Alam II dies, marking end of effective leadership from
Mughal Dynasty; he is succeeded by hapless son Akbar Shah II, who is puppet
of the British
|
Sept. 28, 1837
|
Akbar Shah II dies at age of 77, succeeded as puppet ruler by son
Bahadur Shah II
|
1857
|
Use of pork and/or beef fat on army cartridges sets off "Sepoy
Mutiny" or Indian Revolt
|
1858
|
British use Indian Revolt of 1857 as pretext to exile last Mughal
Emperor, Bahadur Shah II, to Rangoon, Burma; Mughal dynasty ends
|
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